![]() If you have sufficient heap memory available, then you may go with ZGC. ![]() For applications that are sensitive to responsiveness, we may use a Java GC like Shenandoah. But that doesn't mean one of them is a default option for your application. Modern Garbage Collectors have very small pause time and can run GC events concurrently. A rare GC event may result in a long pause in the application if there are a large number of objects to be garbage collected. Frequent GC events may result in frequent pauses in the application. The application/threads will be paused until it is completed. Garbage collection events are so-called " stop the world" events. Finally, GC will compact the memory to get rid of fragmented memory space. Memory fragments for these dead objects will be released in the sweep phase. In the mark phase, GC identifies dead objects that are no longer used by the application. So, where is the catch? Let's take a close look at the basic operations performed by GC: mark, sweep and compact. Also, the JVM will automatically pick up a GC implementation depending on the host if you don't specify one. It means that it will be just enough for most cases. I mentioned earlier that GC is a generic solution. For eg: a refactored method with few lines of code, where local objects have a short lifespan. Also, tuning is not only about JVM arguments but is more about how you have written the code. We may also need to apply some sort of tuning by specifying appropriate JVM memory arguments. Then, we need to pick up an appropriate Garbage Collector that can address it on a long-term basis. We should be crystal clear about the application behavior and requirements. It is a generic solution that addresses most memory management concerns. But, it will not auto-adjust with your application. ![]() So, what is the challenge associated with an automated solution? well, Garbage Collector automates memory management. On the good side, it gives the flexibility to have your custom memory management that is tailored to your application. So, the margin of error should be narrow, or your application could end up having memory issues during runtime. In C/C++, you need to take care of memory management. Every automated solution has some trade-off associated with it. People tend to underestimate the challenges that come with it. Often developers find Garbage Collector(GC) as a synonym for automated memory management.
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